Differences in conversational styles. Analysis of nominal forms of address in the audiovisual translation of Pedro Almodóvar's film scripts

Abstract

This article focuses on the contrastive analysis of nominal forms of address (especially in vocative-appellative function) in Spanish and Polish, based on Pedro Almodóvar's film scripts and their Polish translations. The study assumes that these forms reflect conversational practices typical of each linguistic community, linked to different politeness models and conversational styles. It compares the variety and frequency of such forms, considering their expressive weight and the interactional meanings they convey. Particular attention is paid to terms of affection and how they are conceptualized in Polish, revealing sociopragmatic differences related to notions such as solidarity, proximity, or distance. The analysis shows that these divergences are not only due to linguistic differences but also to cultural ones.