Abstract
The aim of this article is to compare Occitan data on the past participle agreement of verbs conjugated with aver 'have' with Spanish, Catalan and French data from a diachronic and synchronic point of view. The data analyzed indicate that – in terms of diachronic evolution and/or frequency in synchrony – the implicational hierarchies defined by Smith (1995) for Catalan, and by Rodríguez Molina (2016) for Spanish are generally also valid for Occitan and French. The data on Gascon Occitan suggest that clarification and conceptual refinement are needed to account for all Romance varieties.